ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ, ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙᔪᔪᖅ ᐃᒪᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ, ᑲᓇᓐᓇᕐᐸᓯᖓᓃᓐᓂᕐᐹᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᕐᓂᕐᓴᐃᑦ ᑕᒫᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ. ᓇᑉᐸᖏᑦ 17,000 ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᒐᓴᓕᕐᔪᐊᖃᕐᕕᑐᐊᕐᒥ, ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ 12 Hᐊᒪᓚᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ 13 ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᒡᒍᑏᑦ ᑎᓂᑉᐸᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᓕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᕋᓛᖑᓂᕐᓴᐃᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓃᑦᑐᑦ. ᐃᓄᔅᓯᐅᑏᑦ ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂ ᒪᑯᓇᙵᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᑐᑦᑐᐃᑦ, ᓇᑦᑏᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ, ᒪᑯᐊᓗ ᕿᓚᓗᒐᐃᑦ, ᐊᐃᕖᑦ ᓇᓄᐃᓪᓗ. ᐊᔾᔨᒌᑦᑐᐃᓐᓇᐸᓘᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕕᐅᑎᑉᐸᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂ.
ᑕᒫᓂ 12,000ᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ 13ᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑐᒡᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᒫᓂ ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂ (ᓄᓇᓖᑦ 6,085 – 50%ᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ) ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥ (ᓄᓇᓖᑦ 140 – 86%ᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ). ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᓂ. ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑭᕙᓪᓕᕐᒥᐅᓪᓗ ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᓪᓗ, ᓄᓇᑖᖃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᑎᒍᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᖃᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᑯᐸᐃᒻᒥ.
ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ (ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᓂᑯᐃᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓐᓂ (ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᓐᓂ) ᐅᑐᐱᕆ 2007ᒥ. ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓲᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ−ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕋᔅᓴᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑦᑎᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕐᓂᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᒐᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ, ᖁᑦᑎᑦᑐᒥ ᓴᓂᑭᓗᐊᕐᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂ. ᓴᖅᑮᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᓪᓚᑦᑖᓂᑦ, ᐊᐱᕐᓱᖃᑦᑕᖁᓪᓗᒋᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐃᓄᓕᒫᖅᑎᑦᑎᓗᑎᒃ ᓈᓚᓐᓂᖃᖃᑦᑕᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ−ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᑦ−ᓱᓕᔪᓂᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᕿᒻᒦᔭᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᑖᕈᑎᒋᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑕ 1975ᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᔅᓴᕐᓯᐅᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕋᒥᒃ ᐊᑑᑎᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᑖᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓐᓄᑦ, ᒪᑭᒪᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ.
ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᔪᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᖁᑦᑎᑦᑐᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑕᐅᓂᑯᓂᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᐹᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ−ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ−ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔭᐃᒋᐊᕈᑎᖃᔪᔪᑦ ᑕᐃᒫᒃ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᔭᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑐᑭᓕᐅᑎᔭᔅᓴᐅᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓅᖓᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᓇᓱᐊᕈᑕᐅᔪᒻᒪᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᕐᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᓄᑦ.
ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓵᓗᓐᓂᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᕿᐱᓗᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᖁᔨᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᓕᒫᓂᑦ ᕿᒻᒦᔭᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᒡᒍᑎᐅᑎᑕᐅᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᕐᓯᒪᐅᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ 1950 ᐊᒻᒪ 1975, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕈᑕᐅᓪᓚᕆᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᕙᑦᑕᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕈᑎᖃᖔᕋᑎᒃ, ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᓕᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᖏᓐᓂᒃ (ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ) ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐸᓯᑦᑎᒍᑕᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᓴᖅᑎᑦᑎᓛᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᕐᕕᔾᔪᐊᕐᒧᑦ. ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ (ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ) ᖁᓅᒻᒥᓪᓚᕆᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᕿᐱᓗᐊᓯᒪᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓱᖅᑯᐃᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑉᐱᒍᓱᑦᑎᐊᖏᓐᓂᖃᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ. ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᓪᓗ, ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ ᐱᕕᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑐᙲᓐᓇᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᖃᑎᒌᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᔪᓂᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᑭᑖᕈᑎᖃᓕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐋᖅᑮᔪᒪᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑕᒋᓂᐊᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᑐᖏᓕᐊᓂ ᐅᓇᑕᕕᔾᔪᐊᖅᑐᖃᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᓂᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒧᑦ, ᒪᑭᒪᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᕗᖔᓗᒃ, ᓈᒻᒪᖏᑦᑐᓂᓪᓗ ᓱᓕᓗ ᐊᑦᑐᐊᓂᖃᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ. ᐊᒥᓱᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᐃᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑐᑭᑖᕈᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕐᕕᖃᖃᑦᑕᕋᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑑᑎᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐃᑉᐱᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ.
ᑐᕌᒐᓪᓗᐊᑕᕆᔪᔭᖓᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑦᑎᐊᕈᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᑦᑎᐊᕐᓯᒪᓂᕐᓴᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑑᑎᓂᒥᓂᖏᑦ, ᑕᑯᓯᒪᔭᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ. ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕆᔪᔭᖏᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓄᓕᒫᖅ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᑎᒻᒪᑕ−ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᓕᒫᓄᑦ−ᑐᙵᕕᖃᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᕐᓇᖅᑐᓂᑦ, ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒋᔪᓐᓇᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᑕᒻᒪᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ.
ᓯᕕᑐᓂᕐᓴᒥᓪᓕ ᓱᓕᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᖃᑎᒌᖁᔨᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᒍᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑦᑎᒋᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᕈᑕᐅᒍᒪᕗᖅ ᒪᒥᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔪᓐᓇᐃᕐᓯᓂᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᐊᔅᓱᕈᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᑕᒻᒪᕈᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓪᓗ. ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᑕᐃᓗᒍ, ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᓖᑦ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ: ᓴᐃᒻᒪᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᑭᓕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᐱᓗᐊᓗᖅᑐᒥ, ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓂᕆᐅᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒍᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᔾᔪᑎᖏᓪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓯᒍᑕᐅᓂᐊᕆᐊᖏᑕ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᔅᓱᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᔅᓴᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᒥᓇᕐᓂᕐᓴᓂᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖓ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒥᔅᓯᖃᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᑭᑖᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᖃᑕᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᐊᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ/ᒪᒥᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᐱᓐᓂᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐋᖅᑭᒍᑕᐅᓗᓂ ᑐᑭᓯᓂᕐᓗᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔪᓐᓇᐃᕐᓯᒍᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᒌᒡᒍᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖃᖃᑎᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᑦ.
ᑕᐃᒪᙵᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕᓂᑦ, ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ (ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ) ᑲᑎᕐᓱᐃᔪᒻᒪᑕ ᓱᓕᔪᕐᓇᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᓴᕐᓂᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ Hᐊᓐᓇᓚᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓕᒫᖅᑎᑦᑎᕙᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᓈᓚᓐᓂᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓱᓕᔪᓂᑦ ᑐᓴᕐᓂᐊᕋᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ 1950ᒥ 1975ᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ, ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᒃᑰᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ.
ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᒋᔪᔭᕗᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᓂᒌᓪᓚᕆᑦᑑᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᐅᓯᒪᔫᓐᓂᒃ:
- ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓪᓗᑕ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓂᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ 1950 1975ᓗ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓅᔪᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓇ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑐᔪᐊᓗᒃᑯᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᕿᑐᕐᖓᖏᑦ, ᓱᓕ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᑦᑎᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᔅᓱᕈᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖏᑕ ᐃᓚᖏᑕᓗ.
- ᐊᐃᑉᐹᓂ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᕆᐊᖃᔪᔪᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᕐᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᖃᑦᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᐱᕐᓱᖃᑦᑕᔪᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᒪᑯᐊ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᖅᑕᐅᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓚᐃᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᒥᓃᑦ, ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓂ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᓴᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒥᓃᑦ.
ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᖅᑐᖃᑦᑕᔪᔪᑦ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓅᖓᔪᓂᑦ, ᓇᒻᒥᓂᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᓇᒥᓕᒫᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, ᓇᓂᓯᖃᑦᑕᔪᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᑦ ᑕᑯᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎᒃᑯᑦ. ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᔪᔪᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᕐᓯᔪᔪᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᕐᓂᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ, ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ, ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖁᑎᖃᕐᕕᖓᓐᓂ, ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑎᒃᑯᑦ Hᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᐸᐃ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖁᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᓯᒥᔅᓲᓂᐊᓐ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐋᖓᓕᒃᑲᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᔅᓯᐊᕐᕕᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᑐᕆ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑐᖅᑲᑕᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᕐᓂᑦ ᑎᓴᑕᓚᐃᒥ. ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᐃᑦ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᕗᕋᐃᔭᓐ ᐱᐅᓴᓐ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒃ, ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕐᕕᐅᔪᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂ.
ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᓗ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑐᒡᒍᑏᑦ. ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᓗᐊᔪᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᑦ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᔪᔭᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᖏᓐᓂ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ, ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᔪᔪᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᕐᐹᓂᑦ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔨᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᒪᑯᓂᖓ 1900ᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒥᔅᓵᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐅᑯᓂᖓ Hᐃᐅ ᕗᕉᑎ, ᒥᐅᓪᑕᓐ ᒪ.ᕋ. ᕗᕇᒪᓐ, ᔮᓐ ᒪᒃᑖᓄᑦ, ᕗᕋᓐᒃ ᔪ. ᑕᔅᑐ, ᔪᐊᔾ ᐅ. ᐅᐃᓐᓱᓪ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᕌᕗᑦ ᔪ. ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻᓴᓐ. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔨᐅᓯᒪᔫᒃ−ᑕᐃᕕᑎ ᑭᖕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕗᕌᓐᓯᔅ ᓚᕙᒃ−ᐃᑲᔪᓪᓚᕆᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔫᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎᓂᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓪᓗᐊᑕᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ (ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᒻᒦᑦ ᑐᖁᕋᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓗᐊᖅᑐᒋᒃ).
ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓐᓂ, ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᓴᐃᑦ, ᒪᓕᒐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒨᖓᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᓂᕐᒨᖓᔪᓪᓗ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᔅᓴᐃᑦ ᐱᓯᒪᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᕐᓯᒪᐃᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ ᓱᖅᑯᐃᒋᔭᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᖑᕚᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑎᑦᑎᒍᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᕐᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᒫᓐᓇᕋᑖᖅ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᓕᕐᖓᑕ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᐅᔨᒍᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᐃᒫᔅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᕙᑦᑐᑎᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖁᑏᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᒍ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᓕᕆᔩᑦ, ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔩᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᕆᔾᔪᓯᕐᒥ ᓱᓕ ᑲᖐᓱᒍᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑯᑦ. ᓱᓕ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᖃᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᙱᓂᕐᓴᐅᓱᒋᑦᑎᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ.
ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ−ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔭᐃᒋᐊᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓ ᐃᓚᐃᓐᓈᕐᕕᖃᕐᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᑦ. ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓂᐊᕋᒥᒃ ᐱᓪᓚᑦᑖᖑᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᔭᕆᐊᓕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓱᓕᓂᖏᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᕗᒧᐊᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ 345ᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖑᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᕐᓄᓪᓗ, ᑕᒪᒃᑮᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓕᒫᖅᑎᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓈᓚᒍᑎᒋᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᑑᖃᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓈᓚᒍᑎᒋᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᓂᐱᓕᐅᕆᖃᑦᑕᔪᔪᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖑᖃᑦᑕᔪᔪᓂᑦ ᓂᐱᔅᓴᑎᒍᑦ ᑕᕐᕆᔮᔅᓴᑎᒍᓪᓗ; ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᔪᔪᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᕐᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᒍᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕋᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ; ᑕᐃᓗᐊᙳᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᓪᓗᒋᓪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖏᓐᓂ; ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᔾᔪᑎᓕᐊᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᔪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᑐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓇᐃᓈᕐᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓕᒫᖅᑎᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓈᓚᓐᓂᕆᖃᑦᑕᔪᔭᖏᓐᓂ: ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓇᐃᓈᕐᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᔅᓴᐃᑦ ᓈᓚᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᓪᓗ ᖃᕋᓴᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑭᐊᖅᑭᕕᒻᒥ.
ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᓪᓗ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓈᑐᒡᒍᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐃᑭᐊᖅᑭᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ.
ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐳᓚᕋᒻᒪᑕ, ᑐᓵᖃᑦᑕᔪᔪᒍᑦ ᐃᑉᐱᓇᓪᓚᕆᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒍᑕᐅᔪᓂᑦ−ᖁᐊᕐᓵᓇᖅᑐᒃᑰᕈᑎᒥᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᙱᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᒪᒥᓴᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᖃᑎᒌᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᔪᔪᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᔾᔪᑎᖃᔪᔪᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᕐᓇᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕈᑎᖃᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᒧᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᐊᖓᑕ ᓯᕗᓂᔅᓴᖃᑦᑎᐊᓂᕐᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐋᖅᑭᔅᓱᐃᓗᑎᒃ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᔾᔪᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓐᓂ, ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᕈᑎᖏᓐᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᓐᓂ: ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᔾᔪᑕᐅᓪᓗᐊᑕᔪᔪᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᓇᐃᓈᕋᔅᓴᐅᕗᑦ ᐃᒪᐃᓕᖓᓗᑎᒃ:
- ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕐᓯᔭᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᓵᙵᔭᔅᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓂ ᑐᑭᑖᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᑐᙱᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᔅᓱᕈᕈᑕᐅᔪᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒧᑦ, ᐃᓗᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᒧᓪᓗ ᓈᒻᒪᙱᓗᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᑎᒥᓂᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂᒥᐅᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓅᓱᓐᓂᕐᓴᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᐋᓐᓂᓇᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᑕᐅᒍᑎᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ 1950 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 1975. ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓚᕆᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑦᑎᒋᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᒪᒥᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᕈᑎᖏᓐᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᓐᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓴᕐᓯᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᒥᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᑕᒻᒪᕈᑕᐅᔪᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ.
- ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᑕᒻᒪᕈᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᑲᓐᓂᖁᓇᒋᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᓲᖑᓯᑎᑕᐅᒋᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᕕᒻᒥ, ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᑭᒪᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥ ᑐᑭᑖᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑎᓪᓚᑦᑖᖃᑦᑕᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᓕᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᙵᑦᑎᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂ.
- ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᓯᒪᐅᕋᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᑕᐃᒪᙵᑦ ᑐᖏᓕᐊᓂ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐅᓇᑕᕕᔾᔪᐊᖅᑐᖃᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᓂᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑏᓐᓇᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᔭᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓐᓂᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᓕᒃ, ᓲᖑᓯᑎᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᑎᑦᑎᒍᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᓄᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑦ ᓴᙵᑦᑎᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓐᓂᒃ.
ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓱᓕ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᒪᑯᐊᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐱᓪᓚᕇᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᓗᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᐋᖓᔮᕐᓇᑐᖅᑐᓗᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ, ᐆᒻᒪᑦᑎᐊᕆᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᖀᑦ, ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᐃᑦ, ᐱᔭᕇᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓅᓴᑉᐸᑦᑐᑎᒃ, ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓘᕙᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᐱᕋᔭᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓈᒻᒪᒐᑎᒃ ᐱᐅᒐᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᑦ. ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦᑎᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᓯᓂᐊᖁᒍᑦᑎᒍ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑐᒡᒍᑎᓂᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕈᑎᖃᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖓᑦ.
ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᖅᑭᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᔾᔪᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓂᕆᐅᑉᐳᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖏᑕ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓂᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᔅᓱᐃᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᑑᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕈᑎᔅᓴᒥᒃ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᒻᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᑎᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᒻᒥᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓂ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᕕᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᑦᑐᖓᐃᕈᑎᖃᖁᓇᖅᑯᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᔅᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᕋᔭᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᑎᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᕌᒐᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᐅᑯᐊ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᔪᔪᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ:
- ᐃᒃᐱᐊᕐᔪᒃ
- ᑭᙵᐃᑦ
- ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒃ
- ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᖅ
- ᓴᓂᕋᔭᒃ
- ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒃ
- ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ
- ᑭᒻᒥᕈᑦ
- ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᖅ
- ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᒃ
- ᕿᑭᖅᑕᕐᔪᐊᖅ
- ᖃᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᖅ
- ᓴᓂᑭᓗᐊᖅ
ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎ ᔭᐃᒥᓯ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᐅᖅᑎ ᓯᕗᓕᕐᓯᔪᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥ. ᒫᑕᓕᓐ ᕋᑦᕗᓐ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᑦᑎᑦᑎᔨᐅᔪᔪᖅ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎᓂᑦ, ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖏᓐᓂ.
ᐋᒡᒐ, ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᑦᑐᐊᔪᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᒧᓪᓗ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ (TRC). ᓱᓕᔪᕐᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᑎᒥᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᓪᓚᐃᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᕆᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖁᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᕕᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᒍᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᙱᑦᑐᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᖃᑦᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ.
ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑎᖃᕐᓯᒪᙱᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᓱᓕᔪᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᑎᑦᑎᒍᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓴᕕᓐᓂᑦ 1950 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 1975 ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ. ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᓯ ᑕᒪᑐᒪ ᒥᔅᓵᓄᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖏᓐᓂ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᓴᓕᕆᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ − ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ, 1950ᒥ 1975ᒧᑦ, ᑐᑭᓯᒃᑲᓂᕐᓂᐊᕋᔅᓯ ᖃᐅᔨᒍᑎᒥᓂᖏᑕ ᒥᔅᓵᓄᑦ.
ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᔪᔪᑦ, ᐃᓚᖃᔪᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖁᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᓕᐅᖅᑎᑦᑎᒍᓐᓇᔪᔪᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᒐᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ. ᑎᓕᐅᕆᖃᑦᑕᔪᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᓕᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓈᓚᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ.
2005-06ᒥ, ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᒪᑐᒪ ᒥᔅᓵᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᔪᔪᑦ ᐸᓯᑦᑎᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᑦ ᑐᖁᕋᐃᔪᒥᓂᐅᒋᐊᔅᓇᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᕿᒧᔅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ 1950 1970ᓗ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ. ᓇᐃᓈᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᓐᓂ, ᑕᐃᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᔭᕇᕈᑎᖏᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ: ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔪᑦ ᐸᓯᑦᑎᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᕿᒧᔅᓯᖏᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᑯᔭᔅᓴᐃᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᕋᓴᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑭᐊᖅᑭᕕᖓᓐᓂ. ᓈᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ ᑐᑭᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔭᔅᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑐᔅᓯᕌᖑᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ.
ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᔪᔪᑦ ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎᖓᓐᓂᒃ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᕿᒥᕐᕈᒍᑎᒥᓃᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᕿᒧᔅᓯᖏᑕ ᒥᔅᓵᓄᑦ (2006) ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᒐᖓᓐᓄᑦ.